Once you're on the plane, you can take photos to your heart's content, just be mindful of your fellow passengers and don't use the flash. You don't want to be that person who blinded everyone with a bright flash, that's just rude. It's like when you're at a concert and someone shines a laser pointer in your eyes, not cool.
If you have a window seat, you'll have a great view of the clouds and the landscape below, perfect for taking some breathtaking photos. Just be careful not to get too caught up in your photography and forget to enjoy the flight, it's like when you're on a road trip and you're so busy taking photos that you forget to enjoy the scenery.
Mounting a Camera on a Plane : 5 Steps - Instructables